Melatonin increases the anticancer potential of doxorubicin in Caco?2 colorectal cancer cells

Colorectal cancer (CC) is an important human malignancy with high related death worldwide. The chemotherapy using doxorubicin hydrochloride one of the most common therapeutic methods. However, drug resistance lowers treatment efficacy in CC patients. combination therapies seem to be more promising by taking advantage synergistic effects. present study aimed evaluate a new strategy enhance anticancer activity Caco-2 cell line co-administration melatonin. effects doxorubicin, melatonin, and their combinations (Dox-Mel) were investigated on proliferation viability, morphological alterations, tumor spheroid formation. Flow cytometry was employed compare apoptotic situation cells groups. Changes metastatic potential assessed wound healing assay trans-well migration assays. Moreover, expression BAX, SMAC, BCL-2, SURVIVIN, MMP-2, MMP-9 genes evaluated quantitative real time PCR western blotting. Our showed that Dox-Mel significantly decreased formation, invasion, migration. Furthermore, changes concentration dependent manner. There increase apoptosis rate Expression involved motility altered significantly. It observed than melatonin treatments alone. We enhanced or This could promote efficiency alleviate un-intended side lowering dose prescription.